| Introduction to Selenium |
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| Introduction to Automation Testing |
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| Selenium WebDriver Basics |
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| Understanding WebDriver |
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| First Selenium Script |
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| Locating Web Elements |
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| WebDriver Commands |
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| Advanced Web Element Interaction |
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| Synchronization in Selenium |
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| Implicit Wait |
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| Fluent Wait |
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| Working with Different Browsers |
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| Setting up WebDriver for different browsers |
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| Cross-Browser Testing |
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| Handling Advanced User Interactions |
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| Mouse Actions |
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| Keyboard Actions |
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| Page Object Model (POM) |
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| Introduction to POM |
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| Implementing POM |
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| TestNG Framework |
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| Introduction to TestNG |
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| Creating and Running TestNG Tests |
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To navigate back and forward in Selenium using Java, you utilize the ‘
navigate‘ interface of the ‘WebDriver‘ class. Here’s a detailed description and examples of how to do this:Here’s a step-by-step example demonstrating how to navigate back and forward in a browser using Selenium in Java:
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class NavigationExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Set the path to the chromedriver executable
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "path/to/chromedriver");
// Initialize a new ChromeDriver instance
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
try {
// Open the first URL
driver.get("https://www.example.com");
System.out.println("Opened: " + driver.getCurrentUrl());
// Open the second URL
driver.get("https://www.anotherexample.com");
System.out.println("Opened: " + driver.getCurrentUrl());
// Navigate back to the first URL
driver.navigate().back();
System.out.println("Navigated back to: " + driver.getCurrentUrl());
// Navigate forward to the second URL
driver.navigate().forward();
System.out.println("Navigated forward to: " + driver.getCurrentUrl());
} finally {
// Close the browser
driver.quit();
}
}
}
Explanation
- Set up the WebDriver path: This is necessary for Selenium to locate the browser driver executable (e.g., ‘
chromedriver‘).
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "path/to/chromedriver");
2. Initialize the WebDriver: Here we create an instance of the ChromeDriver which opens a Chrome browser.
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
3. Navigate to URLs: Use the get method to open a web page.
driver.get("https://www.example.com");
driver.get("https://www.anotherexample.com");
4. Navigate Back: Use the navigate().back() method to go back to the previous page.
driver.navigate().back();
5. Navigate Forward: Use the navigate().forward() method to go forward to the next page.
driver.navigate().forward();
6. Close the Browser: Finally, close the browser using ‘quit()‘ method to clean up the resources.
driver.quit();
Additional Navigation Methods
- Refresh the page: To refresh the current page, use the
refresh()method.
driver.navigate().refresh();
- Navigate to a specific URL: Use the
to()method which is another way to navigate to a URL.
driver.navigate().to("https://www.example.com");
Complete Example with Additional Navigation Methods
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class NavigationExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Set the path to the chromedriver executable
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "path/to/chromedriver");
// Initialize a new ChromeDriver instance
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
try {
// Open the first URL
driver.get("https://www.example.com");
System.out.println("Opened: " + driver.getCurrentUrl());
// Open the second URL
driver.get("https://www.anotherexample.com");
System.out.println("Opened: " + driver.getCurrentUrl());
// Navigate back to the first URL
driver.navigate().back();
System.out.println("Navigated back to: " + driver.getCurrentUrl());
// Navigate forward to the second URL
driver.navigate().forward();
System.out.println("Navigated forward to: " + driver.getCurrentUrl());
// Refresh the current page
driver.navigate().refresh();
System.out.println("Refreshed: " + driver.getCurrentUrl());
// Navigate to a specific URL using navigate().to()
driver.navigate().to("https://www.thirdexample.com");
System.out.println("Navigated to: " + driver.getCurrentUrl());
} finally {
// Close the browser
driver.quit();
}
}
}
This example shows how to use ‘navigate().back()‘, ‘navigate().forward()‘, ‘navigate().refresh()‘, and ‘navigate().to()' methods, providing a comprehensive overview of Selenium navigation in Java.
