| Introduction to Selenium |
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| Introduction to Automation Testing |
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| Selenium WebDriver Basics |
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| Understanding WebDriver |
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| First Selenium Script |
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| Locating Web Elements |
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| WebDriver Commands |
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| Advanced Web Element Interaction |
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| Synchronization in Selenium |
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| Implicit Wait |
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| Fluent Wait |
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| Working with Different Browsers |
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| Setting up WebDriver for different browsers |
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| Cross-Browser Testing |
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| Handling Advanced User Interactions |
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| Mouse Actions |
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| Keyboard Actions |
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| Page Object Model (POM) |
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| Introduction to POM |
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| Implementing POM |
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| TestNG Framework |
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| Introduction to TestNG |
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| Creating and Running TestNG Tests |
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Implicit wait in Selenium is a feature that tells the WebDriver to poll the DOM for a certain amount of time when trying to find an element if it is not immediately available. This wait is applied globally to all elements in the test script, meaning any element search will wait up to the specified time before throwing a NoSuchElementException.
How Implicit Wait Works
When an implicit wait is set, the WebDriver will wait for the specified time duration before throwing a NoSuchElementException. During this time, the WebDriver will periodically check the DOM to see if the element has appeared.
For example, if an implicit wait of 10 seconds is set, WebDriver will try to find the element, and if the element is not found, it will keep trying for up to 10 seconds before throwing an exception. If the element appears at any point during these 10 seconds, the WebDriver will proceed with the next step in the script.
Setting Implicit Wait
To set an implicit wait in Selenium using Java, you can use the ‘manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait()‘ method. Here’s how you do it
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class ImplicitWaitExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Set the path of the WebDriver executable
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "path/to/chromedriver");
// Initialize the WebDriver (Chrome in this case)
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
// Set implicit wait of 10 seconds
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
// Navigate to a webpage
driver.get("https://example.com");
// Try to find an element
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("someElementId"));
// Interact with the element
element.click();
// Close the browser
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation of the Code
Setting the WebDriver Path: The path to the ‘
chromedriver‘ executable is set using ‘System.setProperty‘.Initializing the WebDriver: A new instance of ‘
ChromeDriver‘ is created.Setting Implicit Wait: The implicit wait is set to 10 seconds using ‘
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);‘.Navigating to a Webpage: The ‘
driver.get("https://example.com");‘ method is used to navigate to a webpage.Finding and Interacting with an Element: The ‘
findElement‘ method is used to locate an element by its ID. If the element is not immediately found, WebDriver will wait up to 10 seconds before throwing a ‘NoSuchElementException‘.Closing the Browser: The ‘
driver.quit();‘ method is used to close the browser.
Important Points to Note
Global Setting: The implicit wait is a global setting and applies to all elements in the test script.
Affects All ‘
findElement‘ Calls: Once set, the implicit wait will affect all subsequent ‘findElement‘ and ‘findElements‘ calls.Duration: The implicit wait duration is the maximum time WebDriver will wait. If the element is found before the specified time, WebDriver will proceed without waiting for the entire duration.
Overhead: While implicit wait helps handle dynamic content, it may add unnecessary overhead if not used judiciously, as it will wait for the maximum time specified even for elements that are available immediately
Comparison with Explicit Wait
While implicit wait is useful for setting a default wait time, it might not always be the best choice for all scenarios. For more control over waiting conditions, explicit wait (using ‘WebDriverWait‘) can be used to wait for specific conditions to be met before proceeding.
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import java.time.Duration;
public class ExplicitWaitExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Set the path of the WebDriver executable
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "path/to/chromedriver");
// Initialize the WebDriver (Chrome in this case)
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
// Navigate to a webpage
driver.get("https://example.com");
// Set explicit wait
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10));
// Wait for the element to be clickable
WebElement element = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.id("someElementId")));
// Interact with the element
element.click();
// Close the browser
driver.quit();
}
}
In this example, the ‘WebDriverWait‘ and ‘ExpectedConditions‘ classes are used to wait until a specific condition (element to be clickable) is met.
By understanding and using implicit wait correctly, you can make your Selenium scripts more robust and less prone to failure due to timing issues.
