| Introduction to Selenium |
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| Introduction to Automation Testing |
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| Selenium WebDriver Basics |
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| Understanding WebDriver |
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| First Selenium Script |
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| Locating Web Elements |
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| WebDriver Commands |
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| Advanced Web Element Interaction |
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| Synchronization in Selenium |
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| Implicit Wait |
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| Fluent Wait |
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| Working with Different Browsers |
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| Setting up WebDriver for different browsers |
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| Cross-Browser Testing |
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| Handling Advanced User Interactions |
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| Mouse Actions |
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| Keyboard Actions |
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| Page Object Model (POM) |
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| Introduction to POM |
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| Implementing POM |
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| TestNG Framework |
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| Introduction to TestNG |
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| Creating and Running TestNG Tests |
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Using ‘WebDriverWait‘ and ‘ExpectedConditions‘ in Selenium is essential for handling dynamic web pages in Java. These tools help you wait for certain conditions to be met before proceeding with the next steps in your script, thereby enhancing the reliability and robustness of your tests. Below is a detailed explanation with examples.
'WebDriverWait'
‘WebDriverWait‘ is a specialized form of ‘FluentWait‘ that allows you to set a maximum wait time for a specific condition to be met. If the condition is met before the timeout, the code proceeds; otherwise, it throws a ‘TimeoutException‘.
'ExpectedConditions'
‘ExpectedConditions‘ is a utility class that provides various conditions which can be waited for, such as the presence of an element, the visibility of an element, the element to be clickable, etc.
Example Scenario
Assume we have a web page where a button, once clicked, will display a message after some time. We want to wait until this message is visible before proceeding.
Maven Dependencies
First, ensure you have the necessary dependencies in your ‘pom.xml‘ if you’re using Maven:
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
<version>4.1.0</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
Example Code
Here is an example of using ‘WebDriverWait‘ and ‘ExpectedConditions‘ in Java:
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
import java.time.Duration;
public class SeleniumWaitExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Set the path for the ChromeDriver
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "/path/to/chromedriver");
// Initialize WebDriver
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
// Navigate to the web page
driver.get("http://example.com");
// Locate the button and click it
WebElement button = driver.findElement(By.id("startButton"));
button.click();
// Create an instance of WebDriverWait with a timeout of 10 seconds
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10));
// Wait until the message is visible
WebElement message = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id("message")));
// Print the message text
System.out.println("Message: " + message.getText());
// Close the browser
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation
1. Set up WebDriver:
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "/path/to/chromedriver");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
2. Navigate to the web page:
driver.get("http://example.com");
3. Locate the button and click it:
WebElement button = driver.findElement(By.id("startButton"));
button.click();
4. Create an instance of 'WebDriverWait':
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10));
5. Wait until the message is visible:
WebElement message = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id("message")));
6. Print the message text:
System.out.println("Message: " + message.getText());
7. Close the browser:
driver.quit();
Common ExpectedConditions
Here are some commonly used 'ExpectedConditions':
elementToBeClickable:
WebElement element = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.id("elementId")));
presenceOfElementLocated:
WebElement element = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.id("elementId")));
visibilityOf:
WebElement element = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOf(driver.findElement(By.id("elementId"))));
alertIsPresent:
Alert alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent());
titleContains:
Boolean titleContains = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.titleContains("partialTitle"));
Using ‘WebDriverWait‘ and ‘ExpectedConditions‘ in Selenium helps in creating robust and reliable automated tests by handling the dynamic nature of web applications. By waiting for specific conditions, you can avoid issues like ‘NoSuchElementException‘ and ‘StaleElementReferenceException‘.
