| Introduction to Selenium |
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| Introduction to Automation Testing |
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| Selenium WebDriver Basics |
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| Understanding WebDriver |
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| First Selenium Script |
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| Locating Web Elements |
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| WebDriver Commands |
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| Advanced Web Element Interaction |
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| Synchronization in Selenium |
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| Implicit Wait |
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| Fluent Wait |
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| Working with Different Browsers |
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| Setting up WebDriver for different browsers |
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| Cross-Browser Testing |
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| Handling Advanced User Interactions |
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| Mouse Actions |
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| Keyboard Actions |
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| Page Object Model (POM) |
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| Introduction to POM |
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| Implementing POM |
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| TestNG Framework |
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| Introduction to TestNG |
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| Creating and Running TestNG Tests |
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The Page Object Model (POM) is a popular design pattern in Selenium that helps in creating an object repository for web UI elements. It enhances test maintenance and reduces code duplication. Below is an in-depth explanation with examples of how to implement POM by creating Page Classes in Selenium with Java.
1. Setting Up Your Project
First, you need to set up your Selenium project. You can use tools like Maven or Gradle for dependency management.
Maven Dependency
Add the following dependencies to your ‘pom.xml‘ file:
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
<version>4.1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.testng</groupId>
<artifactId>testng</artifactId>
<version>7.4.0</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
2. Creating Page Classes
In POM, each web page in the application is represented by a class. These classes contain web elements and methods to interact with them.
Example: Login Page
LoginPage.java
package com.example.pages;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;
public class LoginPage {
WebDriver driver;
// Constructor
public LoginPage(WebDriver driver) {
this.driver = driver;
PageFactory.initElements(driver, this);
}
// Web Elements
@FindBy(id = "username")
WebElement usernameField;
@FindBy(id = "password")
WebElement passwordField;
@FindBy(id = "loginButton")
WebElement loginButton;
// Methods to interact with the elements
public void setUsername(String username) {
usernameField.sendKeys(username);
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
passwordField.sendKeys(password);
}
public void clickLoginButton() {
loginButton.click();
}
public String getLoginPageTitle() {
return driver.getTitle();
}
}
3. Creating Test Classes
The test classes will use the Page Classes to perform operations.
Example: LoginTest.java
LoginTest.java
package com.example.tests;
import com.example.pages.LoginPage;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterClass;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
public class LoginTest {
WebDriver driver;
LoginPage loginPage;
@BeforeClass
public void setup() {
// Set path for the ChromeDriver
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "path/to/chromedriver");
// Initialize WebDriver
driver = new ChromeDriver();
// Open the application
driver.get("https://example.com/login");
// Initialize the LoginPage object
loginPage = new LoginPage(driver);
}
@Test
public void testLogin() {
// Set username and password
loginPage.setUsername("testuser");
loginPage.setPassword("testpassword");
// Click the login button
loginPage.clickLoginButton();
// Validate login success
String expectedTitle = "Dashboard";
String actualTitle = loginPage.getLoginPageTitle();
Assert.assertEquals(actualTitle, expectedTitle, "Login test failed");
}
@AfterClass
public void tearDown() {
// Close the browser
driver.quit();
}
}
4. Running the Tests
Use your IDE or build tool to run the test class. For example, with Maven, you can use the following command:
mvn test
5. Enhancing POM with PageFactory
The PageFactory class in Selenium provides an easier way to initialize web elements. It helps in reducing the boilerplate code.
public LoginPage(WebDriver driver) {
this.driver = driver;
PageFactory.initElements(driver, this);
}
6. Additional Tips
- BasePage Class: Create a
BasePageclass for common functionalities (e.g., navigation methods, common assertions). - Utility Classes: Create utility classes for common actions (e.g., wait utilities, browser actions).
- Test Data Management: Use external files (e.g., Excel, JSON) to manage test data.
7. Best Practices
- Single Responsibility Principle: Each page class should handle actions specific to that page.
- Readability: Keep your page and test classes clean and readable.
- Reusability: Create reusable methods to avoid code duplication.
- Maintainability: Structure your project to facilitate easy maintenance.
