| Introduction to Selenium |
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| Introduction to Automation Testing |
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| Selenium WebDriver Basics |
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| Understanding WebDriver |
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| First Selenium Script |
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| Locating Web Elements |
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| WebDriver Commands |
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| Advanced Web Element Interaction |
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| Synchronization in Selenium |
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| Implicit Wait |
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| Fluent Wait |
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| Working with Different Browsers |
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| Setting up WebDriver for different browsers |
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| Cross-Browser Testing |
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| Handling Advanced User Interactions |
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| Mouse Actions |
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| Keyboard Actions |
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| Page Object Model (POM) |
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| Introduction to POM |
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| Implementing POM |
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| TestNG Framework |
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| Introduction to TestNG |
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| Creating and Running TestNG Tests |
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Page Object Model (POM) is a design pattern in Selenium that enhances test maintenance and reduces code duplication. Page Factory is a class provided by Selenium WebDriver to support POM. It makes the creation of page objects simpler and easier. Let’s dive into the implementation of POM using Page Factory in Selenium Java with detailed examples.
1. Setting Up the Project
First, set up a Maven project with the necessary dependencies for Selenium.
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
<version>4.3.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.testng</groupId>
<artifactId>testng</artifactId>
<version>7.4.0</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
2. Creating the Page Object Model
Login Page
1. Page Class: LoginPage.java
package pages;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;
public class LoginPage {
WebDriver driver;
// Using @FindBy annotation to locate elements
@FindBy(id = "username")
WebElement usernameField;
@FindBy(id = "password")
WebElement passwordField;
@FindBy(id = "loginButton")
WebElement loginButton;
// Constructor to initialize elements
public LoginPage(WebDriver driver) {
this.driver = driver;
PageFactory.initElements(driver, this);
}
// Method to log in
public void login(String username, String password) {
usernameField.sendKeys(username);
passwordField.sendKeys(password);
loginButton.click();
}
}
Home Page
2. Page Class: HomePage.java
package pages;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;
public class HomePage {
WebDriver driver;
@FindBy(id = "welcomeMessage")
WebElement welcomeMessage;
public HomePage(WebDriver driver) {
this.driver = driver;
PageFactory.initElements(driver, this);
}
public String getWelcomeMessage() {
return welcomeMessage.getText();
}
}
3. Creating the Test Class
3. Test Class: LoginTest.java
package tests;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterClass;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import pages.HomePage;
import pages.LoginPage;
public class LoginTest {
WebDriver driver;
LoginPage loginPage;
HomePage homePage;
@BeforeClass
public void setup() {
// Set up the driver
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "path/to/chromedriver");
driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://example.com/login");
loginPage = new LoginPage(driver);
homePage = new HomePage(driver);
}
@Test
public void testLogin() {
loginPage.login("testuser", "testpassword");
String welcomeMessage = homePage.getWelcomeMessage();
Assert.assertEquals(welcomeMessage, "Welcome, testuser!");
}
@AfterClass
public void teardown() {
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation
Dependencies: Add Selenium and TestNG dependencies to the Maven project for handling browser interactions and running tests.
Page Classes:
- LoginPage: Contains elements and methods related to the login page. The ‘
@FindBy‘ annotation is used to locate elements. - HomePage: Contains elements and methods related to the home page.
- LoginPage: Contains elements and methods related to the login page. The ‘
Test Class:
- setup(): Initializes the WebDriver, opens the login page, and creates instances of the page classes.
- testLogin(): Performs the login operation using the ‘
login‘ method from ‘LoginPage‘ and verifies the result using ‘getWelcomeMessage‘ from ‘HomePage‘. - teardown(): Closes the browser after the test completes.
Benefits of Using Page Factory in POM
- Readability: The
@FindByannotation makes it easy to read and maintain element locators. - Initialization: The
PageFactory.initElementsmethod initializes all elements annotated with@FindBy. - Separation of Concerns: Keeps the test code separate from the page-specific code, making it easier to maintain and understand.
