| Introduction to Selenium |
|---|
| Introduction to Automation Testing |
|---|
| Selenium WebDriver Basics |
|---|
| Understanding WebDriver |
|---|
| First Selenium Script |
|---|
| Locating Web Elements |
|---|
| WebDriver Commands |
|---|
| Advanced Web Element Interaction |
|---|
| Synchronization in Selenium |
|---|
| Implicit Wait |
|---|
| Fluent Wait |
|---|
| Working with Different Browsers |
|---|
| Setting up WebDriver for different browsers |
|---|
| Cross-Browser Testing |
|---|
| Handling Advanced User Interactions |
|---|
| Mouse Actions |
|---|
| Keyboard Actions |
|---|
| Page Object Model (POM) |
|---|
| Introduction to POM |
|---|
| Implementing POM |
|---|
| TestNG Framework |
|---|
| Introduction to TestNG |
|---|
| Creating and Running TestNG Tests |
|---|
Cross-browser testing in Selenium using Java is essential to ensure that your web application works correctly across different browsers. Here are the best practices for cross-browser testing using Selenium Java, described in detail with examples:
1. Setting Up WebDriver for Different Browsers
To perform cross-browser testing, you need to set up WebDriver for different browsers. The most common browsers are Chrome, Firefox, and Internet Explorer (or Edge).
Example: Setting up WebDriver for Chrome, Firefox, and Edge
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver;
public class BrowserSetup {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Set up Chrome driver
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "path/to/chromedriver");
WebDriver chromeDriver = new ChromeDriver();
chromeDriver.get("http://www.example.com");
chromeDriver.quit();
// Set up Firefox driver
System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "path/to/geckodriver");
WebDriver firefoxDriver = new FirefoxDriver();
firefoxDriver.get("http://www.example.com");
firefoxDriver.quit();
// Set up Edge driver
System.setProperty("webdriver.edge.driver", "path/to/edgedriver");
WebDriver edgeDriver = new EdgeDriver();
edgeDriver.get("http://www.example.com");
edgeDriver.quit();
}
}
2. Using WebDriver Manager for Simplified Driver Management
Manually managing WebDriver binaries can be cumbersome. The WebDriverManager library automates the management of binary files.
Example: Using WebDriverManager
import io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.WebDriverManager;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver;
public class BrowserSetupWithWebDriverManager {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Set up Chrome driver
WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
WebDriver chromeDriver = new ChromeDriver();
chromeDriver.get("http://www.example.com");
chromeDriver.quit();
// Set up Firefox driver
WebDriverManager.firefoxdriver().setup();
WebDriver firefoxDriver = new FirefoxDriver();
firefoxDriver.get("http://www.example.com");
firefoxDriver.quit();
// Set up Edge driver
WebDriverManager.edgedriver().setup();
WebDriver edgeDriver = new EdgeDriver();
edgeDriver.get("http://www.example.com");
edgeDriver.quit();
}
}
3. Using a Configuration File
Store browser configurations in a properties file to make it easier to switch between different browsers without changing the code.
Example: Configuration File (config.properties)
browser=chrome
Example: Reading Configuration File
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Properties;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver;
import io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.WebDriverManager;
public class BrowserSetupFromConfig {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Properties prop = new Properties();
WebDriver driver = null;
try {
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("path/to/config.properties");
prop.load(fis);
String browser = prop.getProperty("browser");
switch (browser.toLowerCase()) {
case "chrome":
WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
driver = new ChromeDriver();
break;
case "firefox":
WebDriverManager.firefoxdriver().setup();
driver = new FirefoxDriver();
break;
case "edge":
WebDriverManager.edgedriver().setup();
driver = new EdgeDriver();
break;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Browser not supported");
}
driver.get("http://www.example.com");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (driver != null) {
driver.quit();
}
}
}
}
4. Using Page Object Model (POM) for Maintainability
The Page Object Model is a design pattern that helps create object repositories for web UI elements. It enhances test maintenance and reduces code duplication
Example: Page Object Model
LoginPage.java
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;
public class LoginPage {
WebDriver driver;
@FindBy(id = "username")
WebElement username;
@FindBy(id = "password")
WebElement password;
@FindBy(id = "login")
WebElement loginButton;
public LoginPage(WebDriver driver) {
this.driver = driver;
PageFactory.initElements(driver, this);
}
public void login(String usr, String pwd) {
username.sendKeys(usr);
password.sendKeys(pwd);
loginButton.click();
}
}
LoginTest.java
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.WebDriverManager;
public class LoginTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://www.example.com/login");
LoginPage loginPage = new LoginPage(driver);
loginPage.login("testuser", "testpassword");
driver.quit();
}
}
5. Using TestNG for Parallel Execution
TestNG allows you to run tests in parallel, which is crucial for cross-browser testing.
Example: TestNG Parallel Execution
testng.xml
<!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "https://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd">
<suite name="Suite" parallel="tests" thread-count="3">
<test name="ChromeTest">
<parameter name="browser" value="chrome" />
<classes>
<class name="tests.CrossBrowserTest" />
</classes>
</test>
<test name="FirefoxTest">
<parameter name="browser" value="firefox" />
<classes>
<class name="tests.CrossBrowserTest" />
</classes>
</test>
<test name="EdgeTest">
<parameter name="browser" value="edge" />
<classes>
<class name="tests.CrossBrowserTest" />
</classes>
</test>
</suite>
CrossBrowserTest.java
package tests;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;
import org.testng.annotations.Parameters;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.WebDriverManager;
public class CrossBrowserTest {
WebDriver driver;
@BeforeMethod
@Parameters("browser")
public void setup(String browser) {
switch (browser.toLowerCase()) {
case "chrome":
WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
driver = new ChromeDriver();
break;
case "firefox":
WebDriverManager.firefoxdriver().setup();
driver = new FirefoxDriver();
break;
case "edge":
WebDriverManager.edgedriver().setup();
driver = new EdgeDriver();
break;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Browser not supported");
}
}
@Test
public void testCrossBrowser() {
driver.get("http://www.example.com");
// Add assertions here
}
@AfterMethod
public void tearDown() {
if (driver != null) {
driver.quit();
}
}
}
6. Handling Browser-Specific Issues
Each browser might have specific quirks. You need to handle these within your tests.
Example: Handling Browser-Specific Issues
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException;
import io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.WebDriverManager;
public class BrowserSpecificIssues {
public static void main(String[] args) {
WebDriver driver = null;
try {
String browser = "chrome"; // This could be read from a config file or environment variable
switch (browser.toLowerCase()) {
case "chrome":
WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
driver = new ChromeDriver();
break;
case "firefox":
WebDriverManager.firefoxdriver().setup();
driver = new FirefoxDriver();
break;
case "edge":
WebDriverManager.edgedriver().setup();
driver = new EdgeDriver();
break;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Browser not supported");
}
driver.get("http://www.example.com");
// Example of handling browser-specific issue
try {
if (browser.equals("chrome")) {
driver.findElement(By.id("chrome-specific-element")).click();
} else if (browser.equals("firefox")) {
driver.findElement(By.id("firefox-specific-element")).click();
} else if (browser.equals("edge")) {
driver.findElement(By.id("edge-specific-element")).click();
}
} catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
System.out.println("Element not found for browser: " + browser);
}
} finally {
if (driver != null) {
driver.quit();
}
}
}
}
7. Using Cloud-Based Testing Platforms
For a broader range of browser and OS combinations, use cloud-based testing platforms like Selenium Grid, BrowserStack, or Sauce Labs.
Example: Using BrowserStack
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver;
import java.net.URL;
public class BrowserStackTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DesiredCapabilities caps = new DesiredCapabilities();
caps.setCapability("browser", "chrome");
caps.setCapability("browser_version", "latest");
caps.setCapability("os", "Windows");
caps.setCapability("os_version", "10");
caps.setCapability("name", "BrowserStack Test");
WebDriver driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL("https://YOUR_USERNAME:YOUR_ACCESS_KEY@hub-cloud.browserstack.com/wd/hub"), caps);
driver.get("http://www.example.com");
// Add assertions here
driver.quit();
}
}
By following these best practices, you can ensure your web application is tested thoroughly across different browsers and platforms. The key is to automate the setup process, handle browser-specific issues, and make use of parallel execution to speed up the testing process.
