| Types java app |
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| Data Types and Operators |
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| (Primitive Data Types) |
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| (Non-Primitive Data Types) |
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| Control Flow Statements |
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| Conditional Statements |
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| Looping Statements |
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| Branching Statements |
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| Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) |
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| Classes and Objects |
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| Inheritance |
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| Polymorphism |
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| Encapsulation |
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| Abstraction |
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| Exception Handling |
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| Introduction to Exceptions |
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| Collections Framework |
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| Overview of Collections |
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| Commonly Used Collections |
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| Iterators |
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| Java I/O |
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| File Handling |
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| Serialization |
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| Multithreading |
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| Introduction to Threads |
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| Thread Synchronization |
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| GUI Programming with Swing |
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| Introduction to Swing |
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| Event Handling |
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| Advanced Topics |
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| Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) |
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| JAVA CODE |
|---|
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Java Basics
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Working with Objects
|
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Arrays, Conditionals, and Loops
|
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Creating Classes and Applications in Java
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More About Methods
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Java Applet Basics
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Graphics, Fonts, and Color
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Simple Animation and Threads
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More Animation, Images, and Sound
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Managing Simple Events and Interactivity
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Creating User Interfaces with the awt
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Windows, Networking, and Other Tidbits
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Modifiers, Access Control, and Class Design
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Packages and Interfaces
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Exceptions
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Multithreading
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Streams and I/O
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Using Native Methods and Libraries
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Under the Hood
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Java Programming Tools
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Working with Data Structures in Java
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Advanced Animation and Media
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Fun with Image Filters
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Client/Server Networking in Java
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Emerging Technologies
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appendix A :- Language Summary
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appendix B :- Class Hierarchy Diagrams
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appendix C The Java Class Library
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appendix D Bytecodes Reference
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appendix E java.applet Package Reference
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appendix F java.awt Package Reference
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appendix G java.awt.image Package Reference
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appendix H java.awt.peer Package Reference
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appendix I java.io Package Reference
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appendix J java.lang Package Reference
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appendix K java.net Package Reference
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appendix L java.util Package Reference
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In Java, particularly in the context of GUI (Graphical User Interface) development using Swing and AWT (Abstract Window Toolkit), containers, components, and layout managers are key concepts. Here’s a detailed description of each with examples:
1. Containers
Containers are special components in Java that can hold and organize other components (like buttons, text fields, labels, etc.). Common containers include JFrame, JPanel, JDialog, and JApplet.
Example: JFrame and JPanel
import javax.swing.*;
public class ContainerExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Container Example");
JPanel panel = new JPanel();
JButton button1 = new JButton("Button 1");
JButton button2 = new JButton("Button 2");
panel.add(button1);
panel.add(button2);
frame.add(panel);
frame.setSize(300, 200);
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
JFrameis a top-level container that represents the main window.JPanelis an intermediate container that can hold multiple components.
2. Components
Components are the basic building blocks of a GUI application in Java. They include elements like buttons, labels, text fields, etc.
Example: Adding Components to a Panel
import javax.swing.*;
public class ComponentExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Component Example");
JPanel panel = new JPanel();
JLabel label = new JLabel("Label:");
JTextField textField = new JTextField(10);
JButton button = new JButton("Submit");
panel.add(label);
panel.add(textField);
panel.add(button);
frame.add(panel);
frame.setSize(300, 200);
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
JLabelis a component that displays a text label.JTextFieldis a component that allows for single-line text input.JButtonis a component that triggers an action when clicked.
3. Layout Managers
Layout Managers are used to arrange components within a container. Different layout managers provide different ways of organizing components.
Common Layout Managers:
- FlowLayout: Places components in a row, aligned at their center.
- BorderLayout: Divides the container into five areas: North, South, East, West, and Center.
- GridLayout: Arranges components in a grid of cells, with each cell having the same size.
- BoxLayout: Organizes components either vertically or horizontally.
- GridBagLayout: A flexible layout manager that aligns components vertically, horizontally, or along their baseline without requiring the components to be of the same size.
Example: Using FlowLayout
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class FlowLayoutExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
JFrame frame = new JFrame("FlowLayout Example");
JPanel panel = new JPanel();
panel.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
panel.add(new JButton("Button 1"));
panel.add(new JButton("Button 2"));
panel.add(new JButton("Button 3"));
frame.add(panel);
frame.setSize(300, 200);
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
Example: Using BorderLayout
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class BorderLayoutExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
JFrame frame = new JFrame("BorderLayout Example");
frame.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
frame.add(new JButton("North"), BorderLayout.NORTH);
frame.add(new JButton("South"), BorderLayout.SOUTH);
frame.add(new JButton("East"), BorderLayout.EAST);
frame.add(new JButton("West"), BorderLayout.WEST);
frame.add(new JButton("Center"), BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.setSize(300, 200);
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
Example: Using GridLayout
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class GridLayoutExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
JFrame frame = new JFrame("GridLayout Example");
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 2));
frame.add(new JButton("Button 1"));
frame.add(new JButton("Button 2"));
frame.add(new JButton("Button 3"));
frame.add(new JButton("Button 4"));
frame.setSize(300, 200);
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
- Containers like
JFrameandJPanelare used to hold and organize other components. - Components like
JButton,JLabel, andJTextFieldare the basic building blocks of a GUI. - Layout Managers like
FlowLayout,BorderLayout, andGridLayoutcontrol the arrangement and size of components within a container.
