| Introduction to Selenium |
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| Introduction to Automation Testing |
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| Selenium WebDriver Basics |
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| Understanding WebDriver |
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| First Selenium Script |
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| Locating Web Elements |
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| WebDriver Commands |
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| Advanced Web Element Interaction |
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| Synchronization in Selenium |
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| Implicit Wait |
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| Fluent Wait |
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| Working with Different Browsers |
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| Setting up WebDriver for different browsers |
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| Cross-Browser Testing |
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| Handling Advanced User Interactions |
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| Mouse Actions |
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| Keyboard Actions |
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| Page Object Model (POM) |
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| Introduction to POM |
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| Implementing POM |
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| TestNG Framework |
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| Introduction to TestNG |
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| Creating and Running TestNG Tests |
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Selenium is a powerful tool for automating web browsers. When using Selenium with Java, one of the most important tasks is finding and interacting with elements on a web page. Here’s an in-depth look at how to find elements in Selenium with Java, including examples.
Finding Elements
a. By ID
The ‘By.id‘ method is used to find an element by its unique ID attribute.
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://example.com");
// Find element by ID
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("elementID"));
element.click();
b. By Name
The ‘By.name‘ method is used to find an element by its name attribute.
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.name("elementName"));
element.sendKeys("Some text");
c. By Class Name
The ‘By.className‘ method is used to find an element by its class attribute.
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.className("className"));
element.click();
d. By Tag Name
The ‘By.tagName‘ method is used to find an element by its tag name.
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName("input"));
element.sendKeys("Some text");
e. By Link Text
The ‘By.linkText‘ method is used to find a link (anchor tag) by its text.
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.linkText("Click here"));
element.click();
f. By Partial Link Text
The ‘By.partialLinkText‘ method is used to find a link by a part of its text.
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("Click"));
element.click();
g. By CSS Selector
The ‘By.cssSelector‘ method is used to find an element by a CSS selector.
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[type='text']"));
element.sendKeys("Some text");
h. By XPath
The ‘By.xpath‘ method is used to find an element by an XPath expression.
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='elementID']"));
element.sendKeys("Some text");
Finding Multiple Elements
You can also find multiple elements using the ‘findElements‘ method, which returns a list of WebElement objects.
List<WebElement> elements = driver.findElements(By.className("className"));
for (WebElement element : elements) {
System.out.println(element.getText());
}
Interacting with Elements
a. Clicking
Click on a button or link.
WebElement button = driver.findElement(By.id("buttonID"));
button.click();
b. Typing
Type text into an input field.
WebElement input = driver.findElement(By.name("inputName"));
input.sendKeys("Some text");
c. Clearing Text
Clear the text from an input field.
WebElement input = driver.findElement(By.name("inputName"));
input.clear();
d. Submitting a Form
Submit a form.
WebElement form = driver.findElement(By.id("formID"));
form.submit();
Advanced Usage
a. Using WebDriverWait
Sometimes elements are not immediately available. You can use’ WebDriverWait‘ to wait for elements to become available.
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10));
WebElement element = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id("elementID")));
element.click();
b. Chaining Methods
You can chain methods to find nested elements.
WebElement form = driver.findElement(By.id("formID"));
WebElement input = form.findElement(By.name("inputName"));
input.sendKeys("Some text");
Example: Complete Code
Here’s a complete example that demonstrates various ways to find and interact with elements.
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
import java.time.Duration;
import java.util.List;
public class SeleniumExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Set the path to the chromedriver executable
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "/path/to/chromedriver");
// Initialize WebDriver
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
// Open a webpage
driver.get("http://example.com");
// Find an element by ID
WebElement elementById = driver.findElement(By.id("elementID"));
elementById.click();
// Find an element by Name
WebElement elementByName = driver.findElement(By.name("elementName"));
elementByName.sendKeys("Some text");
// Find an element by Class Name
WebElement elementByClassName = driver.findElement(By.className("className"));
elementByClassName.click();
// Find an element by Tag Name
WebElement elementByTagName = driver.findElement(By.tagName("input"));
elementByTagName.sendKeys("Some text");
// Find an element by Link Text
WebElement elementByLinkText = driver.findElement(By.linkText("Click here"));
elementByLinkText.click();
// Find an element by Partial Link Text
WebElement elementByPartialLinkText = driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("Click"));
elementByPartialLinkText.click();
// Find an element by CSS Selector
WebElement elementByCssSelector = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[type='text']"));
elementByCssSelector.sendKeys("Some text");
// Find an element by XPath
WebElement elementByXPath = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='elementID']"));
elementByXPath.sendKeys("Some text");
// Find multiple elements by Class Name
List<WebElement> elements = driver.findElements(By.className("className"));
for (WebElement element : elements) {
System.out.println(element.getText());
}
// Using WebDriverWait
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10));
WebElement elementWithWait = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id("elementID")));
elementWithWait.click();
// Close the browser
driver.quit();
}
}
This example covers various methods to find and interact with elements in Selenium using Java. Each method is demonstrated with simple code snippets, and a complete example ties them together.
