| Introduction to Selenium |
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| Introduction to Automation Testing |
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| Selenium WebDriver Basics |
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| Understanding WebDriver |
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| First Selenium Script |
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| Locating Web Elements |
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| WebDriver Commands |
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| Advanced Web Element Interaction |
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| Synchronization in Selenium |
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| Implicit Wait |
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| Fluent Wait |
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| Working with Different Browsers |
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| Setting up WebDriver for different browsers |
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| Cross-Browser Testing |
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| Handling Advanced User Interactions |
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| Mouse Actions |
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| Keyboard Actions |
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| Page Object Model (POM) |
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| Introduction to POM |
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| Implementing POM |
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| TestNG Framework |
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| Introduction to TestNG |
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| Creating and Running TestNG Tests |
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Sending keyboard inputs in Selenium using Java can be accomplished using the sendKeys method, which is part of the WebElement interface. This method allows you to simulate typing into elements such as text fields or text areas. Additionally, you can perform keyboard actions like pressing keys, key combinations, or even complex sequences of key actions using the Actions class.
1. Basic Text Input with 'sendKeys'
To type into a text field, you simply locate the element and use the ‘sendKeys‘ method.
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class SendKeysExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Set the path to the chromedriver executable
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "/path/to/chromedriver");
// Initialize WebDriver
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
// Open a webpage
driver.get("https://example.com");
// Locate the text field element
WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textFieldId"));
// Type into the text field
textField.sendKeys("Hello, World!");
// Close the browser
driver.quit();
}
}
2. Using Actions Class for Key Presses
The Actions class provides more advanced keyboard interactions, such as pressing keys or combinations of keys.
Example: Pressing Enter Key
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;
public class ActionsExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Set the path to the chromedriver executable
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "/path/to/chromedriver");
// Initialize WebDriver
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
// Open a webpage
driver.get("https://example.com");
// Locate the text field element
WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textFieldId"));
// Create an instance of Actions class
Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
// Type text and press Enter
actions.sendKeys(textField, "Hello, World!").sendKeys(Keys.ENTER).build().perform();
// Close the browser
driver.quit();
}
}
Example: Key Combinations (e.g., Ctrl+A, Ctrl+C, Ctrl+V)
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;
public class KeyCombinationExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Set the path to the chromedriver executable
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "/path/to/chromedriver");
// Initialize WebDriver
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
// Open a webpage
driver.get("https://example.com");
// Locate the text field element
WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textFieldId"));
// Type some text
textField.sendKeys("Some text");
// Create an instance of Actions class
Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
// Select all text (Ctrl+A), copy (Ctrl+C), and paste (Ctrl+V)
actions.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL)
.sendKeys("a")
.sendKeys("c")
.keyUp(Keys.CONTROL)
.sendKeys(Keys.TAB) // Assuming the next field is navigated by tab
.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL)
.sendKeys("v")
.keyUp(Keys.CONTROL)
.build().perform();
// Close the browser
driver.quit();
}
}
3. Complex Sequences with Actions Class
For more complex sequences involving multiple actions, the ‘Actions‘ class allows chaining actions.
Example: Typing Text with Shift Modifier
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
public class ComplexActionsExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Set the path to the chromedriver executable
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "/path/to/chromedriver");
// Initialize WebDriver
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
// Open a webpage
driver.get("https://example.com");
// Locate the text field element
WebElement textField = driver.findElement(By.id("textFieldId"));
// Create an instance of Actions class
Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
// Type text with shift pressed to make it uppercase
actions.click(textField)
.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT)
.sendKeys("hello")
.keyUp(Keys.SHIFT)
.build().perform();
// Close the browser
driver.quit();
}
}
Using the ‘sendKeys‘ method and the ‘Actions‘ class in Selenium WebDriver allows for a wide range of keyboard interactions. The ‘sendKeys‘ method is straightforward for simple text input, while the ‘Actions‘ class offers more flexibility for complex keyboard operations.
