| Introduction to Selenium |
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| Introduction to Automation Testing |
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| Selenium WebDriver Basics |
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| Understanding WebDriver |
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| First Selenium Script |
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| Locating Web Elements |
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| WebDriver Commands |
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| Advanced Web Element Interaction |
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| Synchronization in Selenium |
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| Implicit Wait |
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| Fluent Wait |
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| Working with Different Browsers |
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| Setting up WebDriver for different browsers |
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| Cross-Browser Testing |
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| Handling Advanced User Interactions |
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| Mouse Actions |
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| Keyboard Actions |
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| Page Object Model (POM) |
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| Introduction to POM |
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| Implementing POM |
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| TestNG Framework |
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| Introduction to TestNG |
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| Creating and Running TestNG Tests |
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In Selenium WebDriver, Fluent Wait is used to specify the maximum amount of time to wait for a condition, as well as the frequency with which to check the condition before throwing an exception. It is more flexible than implicit and explicit waits as it allows you to define the wait condition, polling frequency, and even handle exceptions.
1. Dependencies
Ensure you have the necessary dependencies in your ‘pom.xml‘ if you’re using Maven:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
<version>4.0.0</version> <!-- Use the latest version -->
</dependency>
2. Import Required Packages
Import the necessary classes in your Java file:
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.FluentWait;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Wait;
import java.time.Duration;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
import java.util.function.Function;
3. Setup WebDriver
Initialize your WebDriver. For example, using ChromeDriver:
public class FluentWaitExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "path/to/chromedriver");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://example.com");
}
}
4. Implement Fluent Wait
Here is an example of how to set up and use Fluent Wait:
public class FluentWaitExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "path/to/chromedriver");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://example.com");
// Define the FluentWait
Wait<WebDriver> wait = new FluentWait<>(driver)
.withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)) // Maximum wait time
.pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(5)) // Check every 5 seconds
.ignoring(NoSuchElementException.class); // Ignore NoSuchElementException
// Usage of FluentWait with a custom function to find an element
WebElement element = wait.until(new Function<WebDriver, WebElement>() {
public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) {
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("someElementId"));
if (element.isDisplayed()) {
return element;
} else {
return null;
}
}
});
// Interact with the element
element.click();
// Clean up
driver.quit();
}
}
Explanation:
- withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30)): Specifies the maximum time to wait for the condition to be met (30 seconds in this case).
- pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(5)): Specifies the frequency to check the condition (every 5 seconds in this case).
- ignoring(NoSuchElementException.class): Ignores the specified exception(s) while waiting. You can add more exceptions as needed.
- until() method: Accepts a function that defines the condition to wait for. In this example, the condition is to find a visible element by its ID.
Customizing Fluent Wait
You can customize Fluent Wait further by adding more conditions, logging, or handling different exceptions. For example:
Wait<WebDriver> wait = new FluentWait<>(driver)
.withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30))
.pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(5))
.ignoring(NoSuchElementException.class)
.ignoring(ElementNotInteractableException.class)
.withMessage("Custom error message after timeout"); // Custom error message
WebElement element = wait.until(new Function<WebDriver, WebElement>() {
public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) {
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("someElementId"));
if (element != null && element.isDisplayed()) {
return element;
} else {
System.out.println("Element not found yet, retrying...");
return null;
}
}
});
Advantages of Fluent Wait
- Flexible Polling: Unlike implicit waits, Fluent Wait allows you to define the polling frequency.
- Customizable Exception Handling: You can specify which exceptions to ignore.
- Custom Conditions: You can define complex conditions using functions.
By understanding and utilizing Fluent Wait in Selenium, you can handle dynamic content and timing issues more effectively, leading to more robust and reliable automated tests.
