| Introduction to Selenium |
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| Introduction to Automation Testing |
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| Selenium WebDriver Basics |
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| Understanding WebDriver |
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| First Selenium Script |
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| Locating Web Elements |
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| WebDriver Commands |
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| Advanced Web Element Interaction |
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| Synchronization in Selenium |
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| Implicit Wait |
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| Fluent Wait |
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| Working with Different Browsers |
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| Setting up WebDriver for different browsers |
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| Cross-Browser Testing |
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| Handling Advanced User Interactions |
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| Mouse Actions |
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| Keyboard Actions |
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| Page Object Model (POM) |
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| Introduction to POM |
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| Implementing POM |
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| TestNG Framework |
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| Introduction to TestNG |
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| Creating and Running TestNG Tests |
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WebDriver Architecture is a key component of Selenium WebDriver, which is a tool for automating web application testing. It allows you to write tests that interact directly with the browser as a real user would. The architecture is designed to be simple yet powerful, allowing for cross-browser testing and remote execution. Here’s a detailed breakdown of the WebDriver Architecture in Selenium using Java:
1. Client Libraries
Client libraries are available in various programming languages, including Java. These libraries provide the necessary methods to create and control browser instances. In Java, you would typically use the WebDriver interface along with specific browser implementations like ChromeDriver, FirefoxDriver, etc.
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
2. JSON Wire Protocol (or W3C WebDriver Standard)
WebDriver uses the JSON Wire Protocol to communicate between the client libraries and the browser drivers. This protocol defines a RESTful web service using JSON over HTTP. The commands sent by the client libraries are converted into HTTP requests and sent to the browser driver.
3. Browser Drivers
Each browser has its own driver that acts as a bridge between the WebDriver and the browser itself. These drivers receive HTTP requests from the client libraries and execute the corresponding commands in the browser. Examples include:
- ChromeDriver for Google Chrome
- GeckoDriver for Mozilla Firefox
- IEDriverServer for Internet Explorer
- EdgeDriver for Microsoft Edge
Example with ChromeDriver:
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "path/to/chromedriver");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
4. Browsers
Browsers are the actual applications that render web pages and execute user commands. WebDriver interacts with these browsers through the browser drivers to perform actions like clicking buttons, entering text, navigating between pages, etc.
Detailed Flow of Execution:
- Test Case Creation: A test case is written using the Selenium WebDriver API in Java.
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.example.com");
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.name("q"));
element.sendKeys("Selenium WebDriver");
element.submit();
2. HTTP Request Formation: The WebDriver client library converts the commands into HTTP requests.
POST /session/:sessionId/url
{
"url": "https://www.example.com"
}
3. Request Sending: The HTTP request is sent to the browser driver (e.g., ChromeDriver).
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:9515");
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
4. Driver Receives Request: The browser driver receives the HTTP request, parses it, and performs the necessary actions in the browser.
public void get(String url) {
sendCommand("get", ImmutableMap.of("url", url));
}
5. Browser Interaction: The browser driver interacts with the browser to execute the command (e.g., opening a URL, finding an element, clicking a button).
6. Response Formation: The browser driver forms an HTTP response and sends it back to the WebDriver client library.
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json
{
"value": null
}
7. Result Handling: The WebDriver client library receives the response, parses it, and returns the result to the test script.
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.name("q"));
Diagram of WebDriver Architecture
Test Script (Java) --> WebDriver Client Library --> HTTP Request (JSON Wire Protocol) --> Browser Driver (e.g., ChromeDriver) --> Browser
Advantages of WebDriver Architecture:
- Cross-Browser Testing: Supports multiple browsers.
- Language Support: Available in multiple programming languages.
- Flexibility: Can be integrated with various testing frameworks and CI/CD tools.
- Efficiency: Direct communication with the browser ensures faster test execution.
This architecture ensures that tests written in Selenium WebDriver are robust, flexible, and can be easily maintained and scaled across different browsers and platforms.
