| Introduction to Selenium |
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| Introduction to Automation Testing |
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| Selenium WebDriver Basics |
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| Understanding WebDriver |
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| First Selenium Script |
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| Locating Web Elements |
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| WebDriver Commands |
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| Advanced Web Element Interaction |
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| Synchronization in Selenium |
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| Implicit Wait |
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| Fluent Wait |
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| Working with Different Browsers |
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| Setting up WebDriver for different browsers |
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| Cross-Browser Testing |
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| Handling Advanced User Interactions |
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| Mouse Actions |
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| Keyboard Actions |
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| Page Object Model (POM) |
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| Introduction to POM |
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| Implementing POM |
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| TestNG Framework |
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| Introduction to TestNG |
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| Creating and Running TestNG Tests |
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Automation Testing
Automation Testing refers to the use of special software (apart from the software being tested) to control the execution of tests and the comparison of actual outcomes with predicted outcomes. It automates repetitive but necessary tasks in a formalized testing process already in place, or it adds additional testing that would be difficult to perform manually. The main goals of automation testing include improving efficiency, reliability, and coverage of testing.
Selenium in Automation Testing
Selenium is one of the most widely-used tools for automation testing of web applications. It is an open-source framework that provides a suite of tools to automate web browsers across different platforms.
Components of Selenium
1. Selenium IDE (Integrated Development Environment):
- A record-and-playback tool to create test cases without any programming knowledge.
- It is primarily used as a prototyping tool.
2. Selenium WebDriver:
- A programming interface to create more advanced and complex test scripts.
- It allows direct communication with the web browser and is more powerful than Selenium IDE.
- Supports multiple browsers like Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, Safari, and Edge.
3. Selenium Grid:
- Used to run test scripts on multiple machines and browsers simultaneously.
- It supports distributed test execution, which helps in reducing the time taken for test execution.
4. Selenium RC (Remote Control):
- The predecessor to Selenium WebDriver, now deprecated.
- Allowed more complex test cases to be written in various programming languages.
How Selenium Works
1.Test Script Creation:
- Selenium WebDriver scripts are written in programming languages like Java, C#, Python, Ruby, JavaScript, etc.
- These scripts define the steps to be performed on the web application like clicking buttons, entering text, and verifying results.
2. Browser Interaction:
- Selenium WebDriver interacts directly with the web browser using browser-specific drivers (e.g., ChromeDriver for Chrome, GeckoDriver for Firefox).
- It executes the commands in the script and performs the necessary actions on the browser.
3. Execution and Reporting:
- Tests can be run individually or as part of a suite of tests.
- The results of the tests, including pass/fail status and detailed logs, can be captured and reported using various frameworks like TestNG or JUnit in Java, or pytest in Python.
Advantages of Selenium
- Open Source: Free to use, with a large community contributing to its development and support.
- Language Support: Supports multiple programming languages.
- Browser Compatibility: Can automate major browsers.
- Platform Independent: Can be used on various operating systems like Windows, macOS, and Linux.
- Integration: Can be integrated with other tools like Maven, Jenkins for CI/CD, and TestNG for test management.
Creating a Basic Selenium Test Script (in Java)
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
public class BasicTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Set the path of the ChromeDriver
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "path/to/chromedriver");
// Initialize WebDriver
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
// Open a website
driver.get("https://www.example.com");
// Perform actions like clicking a button, entering text, etc.
// driver.findElement(By.id("elementId")).click();
// driver.findElement(By.name("elementName")).sendKeys("text");
// Close the browser
driver.quit();
}
}
Advanced Concepts in Selenium
- Synchronization: Handling waits (implicit, explicit, and fluent waits) to manage timing issues in test execution.
- Page Object Model (POM): A design pattern to create an object repository for web elements, enhancing code maintainability and reusability.
- Handling Alerts and Pop-ups: Managing browser alerts, pop-ups, and windows.
- Data-Driven Testing: Using external data sources like Excel, CSV, or databases to drive test scripts.
- Continuous Integration: Integrating Selenium tests with CI/CD pipelines using tools like Jenkins.
Conclusion
Selenium is a powerful tool for automating web application testing, providing significant benefits in terms of efficiency, accuracy, and coverage. With its robust feature set and extensive support for various browsers, languages, and platforms, Selenium remains a top choice for testers and developers looking to implement automated testing in their projects.
Automation Testing
Automation Testing refers to the use of special software (apart from the software being tested) to control the execution of tests and the comparison of actual outcomes with predicted outcomes. It automates repetitive but necessary tasks in a formalized testing process already in place, or it adds additional testing that would be difficult to perform manually. The main goals of automation testing include improving efficiency, reliability, and coverage of testing.
